2000 Senior Seminar Symposium

• Tentative Senior Seminal Schedule
• Alphabetical list of authors
• Biochemistry Abstracts
• Biology Abstracts
• Chemistry Abstracts
• Computer Information Science Abstracts
• Computer Science Abstracts
• Mathematics Abstracts

TENTATIVE SENIOR SEMINAR SYMPOSIUM SCHEDULE

SATURDAY April 1	ACTIVITY	MATH MH126	CS/CIS MH202	CS/CIS MH205	CS/CIS MH208	CS/CIS MH211	BIOL MH306
	SESSION CHAIR	Dr. McKemie	Ms Last	Dr. Kopec	Dr. Wright	Dr. Baker	Dr. Russell
9:00 AM	PARALLEL SESSION 9	Shirley	McCammon	Ennis-Floyd	Wagner	Merritt	Voigt
9:30AM	PARALLEL SESSION 10		Youngblood	Gambini	Wooten	Li	Pawelek
10:00 AM	PARALLEL SESSION 11		Bell	Collier	Williams	Wehr	Hanley
10:30AM	Coffee Moody Hall Atrium
	SESSION CHAIR		Ms Last	Dr. Kopec	Dr. Wright	Dr. Baker
10:45 AM	PARALLEL SESSION 12		Lozano	Jacks	Arp	Wolfe
11:15 AM	PARALLEL SESSION 13		Li	Bhakta	Dorsen	Canning
11:45 AM	PARALLEL SESSION 14		Galvan-Rodriguez	Boldberg	Madrid

Alphabetical list of authors

Arp, Jeanne
Baron, Chris
Baird, Leah
Bell, Nathan
Benoit, Andrew Scott
Bhakta, Pradyuman
Bland, Jason
Bryan, Ana Arechiga
Canning, David
Collier, Scott
Diaz, Amelia
Dorsen, Maureen
Dunlap, Sherri
Edwards, Patrick
Ennis-Floyd, Marjie
Escamilla, Rebecca
Flores, Akiko
Foerster, Wes
Gaines, Dawn
Gambini, Cara
Garanzuay, Maria
Garcia, J. Omar
Garza, Fred B.
Goldberg, David
Gomez, George
Gupta, Junko
Hadley, Celene
Hanley, Bevin
Housey, Darryl
Hunter, April
Jacks, Andrew
Kelley, Dan
Koether, Kim
Kruckeberg, Emily
Lemaster, Jeffrey
Li, Hsi- Ming
Li, Jie
Lozano, Mark A.
Madrid, Jennifer
Mahaguna, Pinn
Martin, S. Brad
McCammon, Frank,, III
Merritt, Natalie
Mire, Brad
Nolan, Norris ,, III
Ojeda, Melissa
Palazuelos, Alfredo
Pawelek, Timothy
Penson, Christopher
Remigio, Andell
Rodriguez, Cecilia
Rosprim, Christine
Shipp, Kenneth
Shirley, Matthew
Suzuki, Miyoko
Tellez, Hugo
Thurber, Joel
Tucker, Donta III
Vela, Araceli
Vergara, Marco
Vocke, Eric
Voigt, Lisa
Wagner, Jaime
Walter, Emily
Wehr, Maria
Williams, Nikell
Wolfe, Paul
Wooten, Michael
Youngblood, Alvin ,, Jr.

Biochemistry Abstracts

J. Omar Garcia
Supervisor: Dr. Eamonn F. Healy
Title: Interaction of Water With Oil
Abstract: Work involves investigations of emulsions of water, diesel fuel and a surfactant. The mixing of water and oil is not found naturally, but the addition of a surfactant, being both polar and non-polar, allows an interaction to take place. This mixture was frozen resulting in a lack of expansion, suggesting the formation of clathrates. These clathrates may help stabilize the emulsion. Further tests have been run in order to determine if this emulsion acts similar to "Aquazole", a fuel being produced in France, which works to reduce emissions created by diesel fuels.


Celene Hadley

Supervisor: Dr. Eamonn F. Healy
Title: Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy for the Determination of Ligand-Binding Constants
Abstract: Non-covalent forces such as hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic effects are responsible for many molecular interactions between large macromolecules and smaller ligands. The binding between macromolecule and ligand is usually close, selective, and specific. Our study presents a simple method for determining the strength of such binding using fluorescence spectroscopy. Four experimental systems were used: (1) diamidino phenylindole (DAPI) and poly [dA]*[dT] DNA, (2) DAPI and poly [dC]*[dG] DNA, (3) DAPI and genomic DNA, and (4) Hoechst 33342 and genomic DNA. Our current research consists of determining the binding constant (Kf), the number of ligands per base pair (n), and the number of bases per ligand (1/n) between DNA and both DAPI and Hoechst. A significant new aspect of current experimentation is the use of both high and low sensitivity on the fluorometer. Because the intensities on the fluorescence titration curve, a plot of emission intensity versus concentration, are much closer to the intercept with low sensitivity, a much better n value is obtained. Conversely, high sensitivity is useful in obtaining the binding constant.

April Denise Hunter

Supervisor: Dr. Eamonn F. Healy
Title: Design and Methodology of Recombinant Methods of Production for Serine Carboxypeptidas
Abstract: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an extremely simple means by which specific DNA sequences can be amplified. There are three steps of a PCR cycle: denaturing of DNA, annealing of primers, and elongation of the newly attached primers. Each step can be accomplished by altering the reaction temperature. The first step, the denaturation of the DNA strands, occurs at a temperature of 95 degrees Celsius and enables the DNA to unwind to insure that the DNA enters the next phase in single stranded form. The annealing step is usually performed at a temperature of 55 degrees Celsius and it is in this step that the primers will bind to the DNA by complimentary base pairs. In the elongation phase, polymerization activity occurs and the single stranded DNA becomes once again double stranded at a temperature of 72 degrees Celsius. The cycle is then repeated 30 times. We chose to use a yeast source, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, to obtain the gene coding for Serine Carboxypeptidase. Serine Carboxypeptidase is a highly conserved enzyme in higher organisms, such as humans, wheat, and yeast. We believe this enzyme follows a pattern of convergent evolution. In order to determine this, further research will be performed and kinetic studies of the enzyme must be run. PCR is the first step of preparing the enzyme for kinetic studies.


Brad Mire

Supervisor: Dr. Eamonn F. Healy
Title: Use of Thiazole in the Synthesis of Hydroxy-aldehydes Leading to Peptidomimetic Inhibitors
Abstract: Peptidomimetics represent a new and powerful approach to pharmaceutical treatments based on enzymatically controlled reactions. Peptidomimetics are simply small organic molecules that serve to mimic the transition state of the natural substrate and thus serve to competitively inhibit the enzyme process. We are focusing on the synthesis of inhibitors for the serine protease thrombin. Thrombin plays a critical role in the formation of insoluble fibrin that can lead to life threatening medical conditions. Hydroxy-aldehydes are very important components of peptidomimetic inhibitors for the thrombin system. This work involves the development of a simple, effective protocol for the generation of hydroxy-aldehydes for good yields.

Norris Nolan

Supervisor: Dr. Eamonn F. Healy
Title: Integrated Methodologies for Protein Isolation and Characterization
Abstract: Protein isolation and characterization, especially from bulk sources, remains one of the more problematic processes in biochemistry, particularly at the undergraduate level. However the recent availability of centrifugal filter devices coupled with pre-packed ion-exchange columns promise dramatic improvements in the speed and quality of such separations. We report here the use of pre-packed ion-exchange columns for isolation of the protein lysozyme. This methodology is then coupled with HPLC and Capillary Electrophoresis for fast, accurate characterization. Furture projects will include the use of centrifugal filter devices for further purification.

Emily Walter

Supervisor: Dr. Eamonn F. Healy
Title: Custom Synthesis of Specific Oligonucleotides for Ligand Binding
Abstract: The interaction of molecules with each other, specifically small ligands with large macromolecules, is the most important component of regulatory processes in biochemical systems. The nature of such interactions involves non-covalent forces dominated by hydrophobic effect and hydrogen bonding. Our study probes various binding schemes for the attachment of ligands to nucleic acids. Specifically, we are interested in the attachment of fluorescent ligands to the minor groove of DNA. To determine the specificity of such attachment we have synthesized oligonucleotides of various compositions and determined the binding constants for our two probes of interest 4'-6-diamidine-2-phenyl indole (DAPI) and Hoescht. Speaker: Chris Baron Candidate for a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Biology Day: Friday, March 31, 2000 Time: 5:00 PM Place: Moody 300 Supervisor: Dr. F. Leland Russell Title: Drug resistance: can we stop evolution? Abstract: Anti-viral drug treatments for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections usually lead to the rapid decline of plasma virus. The effect of a single drug therapy is usually short-lived as the wild type virus evolves to form drug-resistant mutant types. This leads us to the question; can pharmaceuticals be made which will evade resistance evolution? HIV sensitivity to reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI), nonnucleoside reverse inhibitors (NNRTI), and protease inhibitors can all be decreased by single point mutations. In this study, the technique of coevolution analysis was used as a method of design for resistance-evading inhibitors. The coevolutionary method is a technique that produces the most broad-based inhibitor. The results identify several structural features of robust resistance-evading inhibitors for use in drug design. In particular, mutations at the P3 and the P3' sites will greatly reduce the capability of inhibitors which bind at the S3 and S3' sites. But protease inhibitors with small to medium side chains, smaller than phenylalanine residue, will be more robust in the face of drug resistance.

Biology Abstracts

Chris Baron
Supervisor: Dr. F. Leland Russell
Title: Drug resistance: can we stop evolution?
Abstract: Anti-viral drug treatments for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections usually lead to the rapid decline of plasma virus. The effect of a single drug therapy is usually short-lived as the wild type virus evolves to form drug-resistant mutant types. This leads us to the question; can pharmaceuticals be made which will evade resistance evolution? HIV sensitivity to reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI), nonnucleoside reverse inhibitors (NNRTI), and protease inhibitors can all be decreased by single point mutations. In this study, the technique of coevolution analysis was used as a method of design for resistance-evading inhibitors. The coevolutionary method is a technique that produces the most broad-based inhibitor. The results identify several structural features of robust resistance-evading inhibitors for use in drug design. In particular, mutations at the P3 and the P3' sites will greatly reduce the capability of inhibitors which bind at the S3 and S3' sites. But protease inhibitors with small to medium side chains, smaller than phenylalanine residue, will be more robust in the face of drug resistance.

Scott Benoit

Supervisor: Dr. F. Leland Russell
Title: Development of an Integrase Inhibitor for use with the HIV Retrovirus
Abstract: The HIV retrovirus is currently being analyzed to determine if suitable inhibitors can be used to halt the life cycle of the virus prior to its replication. One new pharmaceutical which is currently being tested concerns the use of integrase (IN) inhibitors that block HIV's (IN) enzyme from assisting the virus's cDNA in attaching to the host DNA, thereby stopping the replication process and the virus's life cycle. This paper looks into the question of whether an effective (IN) inhibitor can be developed. One study determined the kinetic parameters of the 3'-processing reaction of the (IN) enzyme. This experiment indicated that phosphorothioate duplex U5 LTRs which were modified in the plus strand competed with the substrate and ultimately inhibited the 3'-processing activity. These results strongly suggest that phosphorothioate hetero-and homopolimeric oligos can be important in inhibiting the activity of (IN). Another study involved the use of oligonucleotide analogs of T30177. This study found that the folding of the oligonucliotide analog into an orderly, ion-coordinated loop structure could possibly be a prerequisite for both (IN) inhibition and also anti-HIV-1 activity. The importance of finding a suitable (IN) inhibitor is great. The challenge now is to find a compound that is both effective and efficient when used in vivo. Several compounds such as oliogonucliotide analogs along with, dicaffeoylquinic acid and diketo acids are currently being analyzed to see if they meet these requirements. So far, when used in combination with other compounds, (IN) inhibitors are effective at slowing down the replication process.

Wes Foerster

Supervisor: Dr. F. Leland Russell
Title: Suppression of HIV-1 Viral Replication by Anti-sense RNA Targeted at the TAT Gene Abstract: The genome of HIV contains several genes that influence viral replication. These genes regulate the transcription of the viral genome. The TAT gene regulates elongation of the viral transcript. The primary focus of HIV gene therapy is the prevention of HIV viral replication. The question presented is: Is it possible to suppress HIV replication through the insertion of anti-sense RNA directed at the TAT gene? To investigate this possibility, anti-sense RNA sequences have been inserted into retro-viral vectors. Cells that contain genomes housing anti-sense RNA sequences have then been put to an HIV challenge. Longitudinal studies have been conducted to investigate any resulting suppression and/or protection from HIV infection. Studies have shown protection from HIV infection and /or replication in experimental groups over control groups. The amount of protection, however, has differed among studies. These differences may be attributed to variations in anti-sense synthesis and specific cofactors of transcription. However, promoter specificity plays a large role in determining the transience of this protection. Despite only transient protection, studies show that anti-sense RNA, directed at the TAT gene, can be used to manipulate the multiplication of the HIV viral genome.

Dawn Gaines

Supervisor: Dr. F. Leland Russell
Title: HIV-1 Reservoirs
Abstract: HIV infected patients the HIV virus replicates continuously throughout the course of infection, whether the virus is symptomatic or asymptomatic. During the asymptomatic period, replication tends to be increased due to the virus laboring to overtake the entire immune system. Even though the rate of replication rises, the virus remains asymptomatic until the number of infected cells overwhelms the amount healthy cells in the body. The sites and relative sizes of viral reservoirs during the asymptomatic phase remains uncertain in both treated and untreated patients. Various methods and analyses have been applied such as: quantitative techniques, measurements of the virus in both the blood and tissues, and assays of the plasma to aid in the answer of the reservoir locations. Results have found the blood, lymph tissue, dendritic cells, macrophages, and activated helper T cells to be dominant viral reservoirs during the asymptomatic and symptomatic stages of HIV-1. By pinpointing these pools of the HIV-1 virus, experts are able to manufacture medications that could possibly prevent full blown or even cure AIDS.

Cristina Garanzuay
Supervisor: Dr. F. Leland Russell
Title: The Efficacy of Cesarean Section for the Prevention of Vertical Transmission
Abstract: In recent years, the treatment of human immonodeficiency virus (HIV-1) has advanced dramatically. Transmission of HIV from mother to infant (vertical transmission) can occur during gestation (in utero), intrapartum (during labor or delivery), and postpartum (through breast-feeding). Data suggest that up to 70-75% of vertical transmission occurs at the time of delivery. Some studies suggest that Cesarean section may protect the fetus for infection, while others do not. This research evaluates the efficacy of Cesarean section in vertical transmission. Cesarean section and vaginal deliveries were performed to HIV infected mothers. Infants surviving to at least 20 months of age were tested using DNA PCR tests or positive HIV antibody tests. In conclusion, Cesarean section deliveries appear to have an additive effect in the prevention of vertical HIV transmission.

Bevin Hanley
Supervisor: Dr. F. Leland Russell
Title: What is the role of the Vif protein in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 replication and infectivity?
Abstract: The viral infectivity factor (Vif) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) is known to function at a late stage of the viral life cycle. Studies have shown Vif to affect virus infectivity and replication to varying degrees. The controversy of the actual role and importance Vif has in replication and infectivity continues to be investigated. Chain Reaction techniques as well as immunoblotting techniques were used to determine Vif levels and virion incorporation of the Vif protein. Some results show that Vif is much more abundant in cells than in virions. However, Vif incorporation into virions was shown to vary in relation to cellular expression levels. This suggests that Vif may influence infectivity, but may not be necessary for HIV function. Vif was also studied to determine its possible role in reverse transcription of HIV-1. Results show that Vif had no effect on genomic RNA dimerization or on the stability of dimer linkage. The results suggest that Vif may be important for an early event after virus entry or during the early stages of viral DNA synthesis. Because of the varying results of cellular expression levels and virion incorporation, it is suggested that Vif may not be necessary for function and infectivity of all strains of HIV-1. Vif necessity may also vary in infection of different cell types. It is a possibility, however, that new drugs targeting Vif function provide a new approach to inhibiting reverse transcription in HIV-1.

Emily Kruckeberg

Supervisor: Dr. F. Leland Russell
Title: How Does HIV Affect the Homing and Trafficking of T Lymphocytes?
Abstract: The mechanisms by which HIV depletes T lymphocytes, specifically CD4+ and CD8+, are still poorly understood. It is believed that the HIV virus attacks and kills the lymphocytes by direct and indirect mechanisms. This paper will primarily focus on the indirect mechanisms, specifically the effects that HIV has on the homing and trafficking of T lymphocytes. The activated virus increases the expression of cytokines, which increases sequestration and extravasation of lymphocytes. Specifically the virus increases the production of L-Selectin, a homing receptor that sends resting lymphocytes to the lymph nodes, decreasing the number in the blood. When only two percent of lymphocytes are found in the blood, any reduction would be significant. The discovery that HIV increases the number of resting lymphocytes sent to the tissues is important because it may explain the variability in CD4+ counts during progressing stages of the disease. This study will focus on understanding the mechanisms by which the virus sends and sequesters resting lymphocytes in the tissues, primarily the lymph nodes. Since the majority of the lymphocytes effected by homing are resting lymphocytes, it may be important to find a mechanism that will stabilize the number of resting lymphocytes being sent out of the blood and into the tissues, in turn increasing the lifespan of patients suffering from this disease.

Brad Martin

Supervisor: Dr. F. Leland Russell
Title: Recombination as an evolutionary force in HIV
Abstract: Recombination produces genetic diversity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but only occurs between different viruses replicating within the same cell. Recombination among different subtypes has not been considered to be a significant source of variation in HIV because evidence for co-infection has remained rare. Therefore, recombination events have been thought to be limited to members of the variant subspecies that evolve during the course of infection. However, recent extensive analysis of published HIV-1 and HIV-2 sequences reveal a large number of apparently recombinant viruses that appear to be hybrids of genetically divergent viruses. These new reports must cause us to reconsider the importance of recombination in the evolution of genetically divergent strains of HIV. Phylogenetic analysis was used to examine the evolutionary relationships among multiple HIV strains. While most were evolutionarily consistent, some strains of HIV-1 and HIV-2 showed significant evidence of recombination. The knowledge of recombination as an evolutionary force in HIV has immediate consequences for our understanding of HIV pathogenesis and for vaccine development.

Melissa Ojeda

Supervisor: Dr. F. Leland Russell
Title: The Impact of HIV Virulence over Time.
Abstract: In Microbiology HIV is one of the most dreaded infectious agents known. There is no known cure. Over the course of time HIV has become more virulent. Since the first known case of HIV in 1959, 30 million people have been infected with 12 million deaths, and this disease is not slowing down. Why has it become so virulent over the course of time? First studies suggest that as the population around the world increases dramatically there is an increase of sexual activity. The increased number of sexual partners favors HIV to replicate faster. Studies also state mutations that increase viral reproduction are favored within the host. Some other studies suggest that differences in age, route of transmission and infections play a role in the increased virulence. In result of these studies I found that the higher sexual partner rates increased the high rate of transmission causing higher virulence of HIV. With the higher rates of transmission replication rate and cell damage are more common. In conclusion this causes a change in the mutation.

Tim Pawelek

Supervisor: Dr. F. Leland Russell
Title: The role of CCR-5 in the prevention of HIV
Abstract: Can infection by the most common strain of HIV-1 in the United States be prevented? The chemokine receptor CCR-5 is one of the many coreceptors that HIV-1 can use to infect the cells of the human body. Chemokines are chemical messengers used in the body to coordinate immune responses. HIV-1 has been subdivided into three groups based on the use of the particular receptors: macrophage-tropic, which uses the CC (adjacent cysteine residues) receptors, T-cell tropic, which uses the CXC (cysteine residues separated by another amino residue) receptors and dual tropic which can use one or both receptors. Macrophage-tropic viruses, especially those that use CCR-5, predominate in the early stages of HIV infection. CCR-5 has also been identified on the surface of many of the cells that the initial infection of HIV targets such as the mucosa of the rectum and colon, the vagina and cervix, as well as the macrophages and CD4+ T cells. The use of CCR-5 is apparently important in the onset of the disease as mutations of CCR-5 often result in slower disease progression or lack of transmission altogether. I review literature on the mechanism by which chemokine-based treatments inhibit infection and existing data on the efficacy of chemokine-based treatment options. Many of the proposed treatments are still in development but it is likely that they will be successful. Proposed treatments include gene therapy targeting the receptors, pharmacological compounds that bind to the receptor, antibodies to the receptor, and increasing the amount of chemokines in the body. Increasing the amount of chemokines has been attempted in cancer treatments and was met with success, however the treatment did not demonstrate significant results in HIV-1 infected subjects.

Christine Rosprim

Supervisor: Dr. F. Leland Russell
Title: The Efficacy of a Zidovudine Regimen to Decrease Perinatal Transmission of HIV
Abstract: Over 90% of children infected with HIV acquire the virus via maternal transmission (1). One of four children born to HIV infected women become infected with the virus (2). Researchers and physicians have looked for methods of reducing the rate of maternal transmission of HIV and have found that treatment with zidovudine has shown some promising results to date. One question that is raised by this information is which zidovudine treatment regimen is the most effective in reducing perinatal transmissio HIV? Groups of pregnant, HIV positive women were treated with varying regimens of zidovudine, and in some groups the babies were treated with zidovudine while babies in other groups were not. In a study performed in Thailand, a short course zidovudine regimen was used (3). The drug was administered to the pregnant women from 36 weeks gestation until labor and during delivery, but zidovudine was not given directly to the infants. Another study was a randomized study in which HIV positive pregnant women were treated with zidovudine throughout pregnancy, labor, and delivery, and their infants were treated with the drug for the first six weeks of life (2). A third study was set up similarly to the previous study; however, the study was nonrandomized in that it specifically targeted risk factors for perinatal transmission, and the infants were not treated with zidovudine (2). Results are encouraging in that in all cases the transmission rate from mother to child was decreased. In the Thailand study, the rate of transmission was decreased to 9.4% compared to the average 25% (3). The randomized study lowered the transmission rate to 8.3%, but the most successful study was the nonrandomized study, which reduced transmission to 4% (2). These results indicate that zidovudine treatment targeted at specific risk factors throughout pregnancy and during delivery can decrease the rate of transmission of HIV from mother to child.

Joel Thurber

Supervisor: Dr. F. Leland Russell
Title: A Comparative Analysis of Mutation Properties between HIV-1 and Other Retroviruses.
Abstract: Mutation provides for genetic diversity within a species. Mutations by which an organism is better adapted to its environment may also help prolong the species' existence. Mutation properties of retroviruses and HIV-1 have enabled these organisms to evade immune suppression and adapt to treatments. Finding correlation's of HIV-1 and other retroviruses' mutation properties may aid in the advancement in treatment methods for HIV-1. I studied various retroviruses (SIV, HBV, and other lentiviruses) in order to find similarities with HIV-1 in their mutation rates, mutation locations on genes, and the mutations' effects on the host. Methods that I encountered in the research included behavioral comparisons of the viral mutations, replication and mutation rate analysis, location specific gene mutation comparisons, and analysis of the mechanisms of mutations. In the observed findings, a similar pattern in mutation rates between HIV-1 and retroviruses was noted, even though HIV-1 mutated faster. HIV-1, however, was subjected to a more variable environment than other retroviruses due to medications and immune response. The gene specific mutation analysis found that many of the retroviruses mutate at similar locations, but with varying degrees of effects on function of the virus and on the host. While increased retrovirus replication rates spawn an increase in their mutation rates, HIV-1's increased mutation rate seemed to relate more with the faulty replication mechanism it uses. HIV-1 also creates a mutation, which has a negative effect on itself, causing a chemokine receptor mutation on HIV-1 that inhibits HIV-1 from becoming pathogenic. The evidence comparing HIV-1 with other retroviruses suggests similar mechanisms in which intervention may be possible to slow or halt the progression of the virus.

Araceli Vela

Supervisor: Dr. F. Leland Russell
Title: Do protease inhibitors with combination therapy help in increasing the levels of CD4 cells in AIDS patients?
Abstract: Since the outbreak of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, also known as AIDS, in the early 1980's, it has casued millions of deaths all around the world. There is a hope that new treatments will help stop this epidemic.Treatments include a new class of drugs called protease inhibitors. These new drugs have also been combined with other drug therapies such as HAART. Many wonder if protease inhibitors along with combination therapy help in increasing the levels of CD4 cells? These protease inhibitors include Nelfinavir, Ritonavir, Amprenavir, and Saquinavir. Protease inhibitors are enzymes that help in preventing the viral cell from making its enzyme known as protease, needed for replication. Many of these protease inhibitors are involved with combination therapies such as Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Protease inhibitors is an alternative treatment that has capabilities of lowering the viral cell's replication process as well as increasing the quality of health for many AIDS patient's.

Eric Vocke

Supervisor: Dr. F. Leland Russell
Title: HIV defeats another antiretoviral agent
Abstract: Since the discovery of HIV, scientists have studied closely its virulence, modes of transmission, and ablity to resist treatments. One way to stop the key replication process of HIV is to target the enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which allows the virus to replicate. One way to inhibit reverse transcriptase is by the use of non-nucleoside inhibitors. This study will answer the question of how HIV is able to overcome the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Reverse transcriptase (RT) is able to escape binding of the inhibitors by altering its amino acid sequence via mutations and leaving its polymerase binding site available to begin viral replication. There are currently three NNRTIs approved by the FDA for use. HIV shows seperate resistance to each by altering the site where each of the respective subunits would normally bind, and thus the site becomes inactive. The binding pocket on RT looses a tryrosine that alters the side chain complex and will not bind the aromatic rings of the NNRTIs. Understanding how the enzyme reverse transcriptase eludes NNRTIs will notonly aid new studies for possible inhibitors but will also futher advance the overall present knowledge of HIVs ablility to escape defeat.

Lisa Voigt

Supervisor: Dr. F. Leland Russell
Title: Genetic Resistance in HIV-1
Abstract: Little is known about the variable rate of progression to AIDS in individuals infected with HIV. Infected individuals who have not shown symptoms after repeated exposure to the virus are referred to as "non-progressors." Here, I review research into mutations in the genome that may explain non-progression. A 32bp deletion in the chemokine receptor CCR5, the major M-tropic viral coreceptor, has been the focus of studies that deal with the delay in disease progression. Heterozygosity for the CCR5 delta 32 mutation has been shown to slow the progression of HIV infection. Total resistance has been shown in certain individuals who possessed the CCR5 Delta32 allele and a single point mutation at position 303 on the other allele. Some of the methods in the studies are comparisons of the genotype and phenotype of the CCR5 expression, isolation of the CCR5 in the peripheral-blood cells, and examined the binding ability of the antibodies naturally occurring in the body. These studies conclude the CCR5 gene point mutation plays a vital role in the non-progression HIV-1 in certain individuals

Chemistry Abstracts

Leah Baird


Supervisor: Dr. Eamonn F. Healy
Title: Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy for the Determination of Lead in Soil
Abstract: Over the last several years, concern regarding the lead concentrations in soil has grown. Currently, several different methods for determining Pb+ concentrations exist. Most have involved using atomic absorption; however, we have developed a method that uses the flourometer to determine these concentrations. Our method is based on using a fluorescing 18-crown-6 ether. The lead is extracted from the soil by the ether, which forms a complex around the ion. After the complex is formed in an aqueous solution, the concentrations of lead can be determined with the flourometer.

Ken Shipp

Supervisor: Dr. Eamonn F. Healy
Title: Design and Detection of Novel Probes for Glutathione Reductase
Abstract: The purpose or goal of this research project is to determine if a generated probe specific to Glutathione Reductase (GR) can be used to identify the GR protein in crude cellular protein extracts. The probe that is used is biotinylated oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The biotinylation reagent used in this experiment is N-hydroxy-succinimide ester which contains spacer arms to prevent steric hindrance. The biotin reacts quite specifically with streptavidin. The biotin is attached to the GSSG forming a probe that is used to screen protein samples. The probe will bind if the target is present. The sample is then probed with a streptavidin molecule that is attached to an enzyme such as alkaline phosphate. The substrate of the enzyme linked to the streptavidin is then added and if it is present, a color change will occur. The sample is a protein extract or purified GR that has been separated on a native polyacrylamide gel and transferred to nitrocellulose. GR catalyzes the conversion of oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione (GSH) requiring NADPH. GR occurs in the cytosol and in the cytosol-like spaces of the mitochondria and chloroplasts. In the cytosol, GR is believed to function as an individual dimeric enzyme. There are indications that GR, a major consumer of NADPH in red blood cells, might be associated with the NADPH-producing enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. GR is part of the glutathione redox cycle and is involved in the protection of nucleic acids and membrane lipids from peroxidation.

Computer Information Science Abstracts

Jeanne Arp


Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: TeX/LaTeX Document Conversion Project
Abstract: The Math Department at St. Edward's University (SEU) uses one of two specialized software applications to create documents with mathematical content (Scientific Notebook and Scientific Workplace) in TeX typesetting language. An application is needed that can convert TeX and/or dvi files into a web viewable format so that they can make study and homework materials available to their students via the web. There are many such tools available, however, the special symbols peculiar to math and science become corrupted, page layout is distorted or lost, and graphics and auto numbering disappear. Alternate authoring applications are not practical to use because TeX files are a standard in the academic mathematics community, especially for published papers where TeX is required. Conversion tools that were considered include html converters, postscript converters, and pdf converters. To determine the best tool, conversion tests were performed using all three types of converters. The results were then analyzed for data integrity and loss. The pdf conversion tool appears to be the best solution at this time giving the most accurate and consistent results.

Nathan Bell

Supervisor: Dr. Richard Kopec
Title: Highly Scalable Market Data Delivery System
Abstract: Cybercorp Inc. services active online investors by providing them with real-time market data and instant electronic order executions. Exponential growth experienced over the last year in new customer accounts and trade volumes, as well as expected future growth have necessitated a redesign of the existing market data delivery architecture. A new server architecture which provides a "middle level" between end-users and raw market data parsing and storing servers was designed to add the scalability needed to keep pace with growth expectations. This new server uses proprietary data caching and compression mechanisms to provide real-time market data to a large customer while maintaining minimal data delivery times and increasing reliability. It will also provide significant bandwidth reduction to end-users and create a single communication endpoint for most types of market data, simplifying client software application program interfaces. Functional testing thus far has shown that data accuracy and speed will be at least as good as the previous system.

Pat Bhakta

Supervisor: Mrs. Mary Z. Last
Title: Internet Application Technology: Paint Program
Abstract: Not even a visionary like Leonardo da Vinci could have envisioned the popularity of the World Wide Web as we picture it today. Our changing world is drawn more and more to the personal computer and the Internet. With newly emerging hardware technology, larger bandwidth, and new software concepts on the horizon, the Internet holds no bounds or limits. What a simple brush and canvas did for da Vinci, the Internet has done for the modern day programmer. Today the Internet provides a new medium to create and express a programmer's work as a digital masterpiece. Paint Program is an Internet based application that allows the user to paint online. Paint Program offers the ability to use different types of medium to paint pictures as well as the ability to email the artistic creation to others. Paint Program is currently developed in Shockwave 7, which is a plug-in player that conveniently provides multimedia content over the Internet. Compatibility testing was done with two of the most popular web browsers: Netscape and Internet Explorer. Mirrored websites have also been established to minimize server traffic and downtime from server failures.

Jason Bland

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: Building an E-Commerce Website
Abstract: Industrial Mobile Electronics (IME) is a Houston based high-end audio and video retailer specializing in home theater systems, mobile electronics, and marine electronics. IME plans to expand their business to the Internet, requiring an e-commerce website. The website includes a message board, online product sales pages, link to an online credit card payment service, and an online administrative link protected by a login password to the company's database which is currently being completely redesigned. All of the web pages were written in HTML and Java. A program called Linkbot was run to detect broken links. Tests were performed on each function of the website such as a submitting a sample information form, posting a test message on the message board and replying to that message, verifying that the administrative link to the database works and is secure, and lastly submitting a test purchase order to IME. All tests performed passed the test on the first try, which verified that the functional requirements have been met and that the product is robust. IME plans to put the website online in mid to late summer.

Ana Arechiga Bryan

Supervisor: Dr. Richard Kopec
Title: Texas Department of Health's Grants Management Division Intranet Site
Abstract: Texas Department of Health's (TDH) Grants Management Division (GMD) handles contract development and internal review, funds administration and reporting, contract payment processing, and financial compliance monitoring for grant recipients and the programs that manage the recipients. Programs, internal GMD customers, deal directly with the contractor receiving funds. Program staffs are internal groups that have been assigned specific areas (i.e. AIDS or cancer research), manage the area's grants, and deal with the contractors in those areas. Program staffers field their own inquiries, as well as those of the contractors, regarding grants or contracts. Previously, the program staff would contact GMD for answers, and the answers would slowly filter back to the program staff or contractors. The GMD Intranet Site was designed and implemented to provide rapid answers to these questions. Searchable databases, downloadable forms, instructions, and specific contact information is made available directly to internal customers via the Intranet, leading to a savings in the cost of personnel time and government money. The application has been tested successfully on the test web site and is currently in use.

Maureen J. Dorsen

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: Internet Query Project
Abstract: @Outcome, Inc. designs Internet based applications for health care industries, predominantly healthcare providers and medical device companies. They also store, analyze and retrieve data the client puts into the system. One component of this application allows the user to assess and analyze how a patient progresses during the course of treatment. Successful patient tracking relies heavily on the collection, organization, and reliability of the data. Should data corruption occur, it may not be immediately apparent, so a tool was designed to confirm the validity of the data. The tool is a set of queries that focus on key fields in related tables designed to expose missing or erroneous information within tables. A mock database was created in Access and queries were created using SQL. To test the suitability of the queries, the tables were populated with invalid data that would return expected errors. The queries were run against valid and invalid data and successfully found deliberate flaws. Front page was used to design web pages that allow a user to select a query and view the results. Active Server Pages were used to make certain the web page reflects the most current information in the database.

Patrick Edwards

Supervisor: Dr. Richard Kopec
Title: Software Defect Tracking Application for PointServe, Inc.
Abstract: With the recent explosive growth in the software development industry, it has become imperative that companies maintain a stable development process. This is accomplished by optimizing each independent aspect of the process, which generally includes planning, analysis, design, implementation, and testing. The software defect-tracking tool was designed to simplify the testing phase of the software development process using a graphical user interface that enables software QA personnel to enter defects into a defect tracking database. Unlike typical defect tracking tools, this tool does not require web access or a local area network connection. It can be loaded onto a local hard drive providing QA personnel with the database functionality needed to enter software defects regardless of their physical location. The resulting database will allow QA personnel to analyze and filter the collected data before passing it on to the software development team for future development. To ensure that the effectiveness and functionality requirements of the defect-tracking tool were met, a thorough test plan was derived and implemented. The test plan focused on load and functionality requirements, and the end result yielded the necessary success rate.

Fred B. Garza

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: Automated Advising Tool (AAT)
Abstract: The current method of academic advising at St. Edward's University (SEU) requires that students physically meet with their advisors to receive recommendations on future course selections. The problems with this type of advising include: students not knowing what courses are required; advisors being unfamiliar with curriculum details; students enrolling in too many technical courses in one semester; course taken out of specified sequence; and time constraints involved in physical meetings between students and advisors. The AAT is a web-enabled tool combined with JavaScript code that provides students and advisors with information on courses required for specific majors. It contains prerequisite information and outputs advice on the number of technical courses that a student is allowed to enroll in. The AAT also outputs a suggested list of courses that a student should enroll in by semester.

David Goldberg

Supervisor: Mrs. Mary Z. Last
Title: Clarify Application Monitoring Utility
Abstract: Compaq Computer Corporation uses a problem management application from Clarify Corporation to provide problem tracking and resolution for customers of the Business Critical Server Division. The Clarify problem management application is a client/server application that interacts with a database, and various processes to handle workflow, and business processes. Each component of the application has critical functions that must be monitored for down conditions, and queues that must be kept clear. Support for the Clarify application is provided on a "follow-the-sun" basis therefore, Compaq operates support centers in Austin, Texas; Reading, England; and Melbourne, Australia. The application uses a centralized database model, with the primary server residing in Austin. The application requires a monitoring tool that must enable the administrators to provide application availability 24 hours a day 365 days a year. The Clarify Application Monitoring Utility is designed to provide a comprehensive monitoring environment for all servers in the application space. Testing of the utility must be conducted in parallel with current monitoring tools until such time as the tool is fully developed. It consists of tracking the amount of time required for the utility to generate notifications versus notifications generated by the current monitoring utilities.

Darryl T. Housey

Supervisor: Mary Z. Last
Title: Online Book Order Tracking System for the Austin Public Library
Abstract: The Austin Public Library orders books for the main library and the 21 branch libraries from several different book vendors. Currently, the orders are tracked using a pen and paper ledger-style system. With this system, the purchasing manager cannot provide quick response to librarians on the status of their book orders; tracking budget expenditures is also difficult. The Online Book Order Tracking System uses a database management system for the information repository and a readily available web-based browser for information retrieval. Additional features of the system allow the purchasing agent to organize, sort and query the order information and generate reports on the status of book orders and the amount of monies spent for budgeting purposes. This application is based upon Microsoft products and utilizes an MS Access database backend, Internet Explorer web browser, and ODBC drivers as the link engine. The system has met and passed the testing criteria for accuracy, data integrity, data coherency and has been approved for use based upon the project configuration parameters. Future enhancements include online book order requests, importing book information from the vendor, and exporting bibliographic data to the card catalog system.

Andrew Jacks

Supervisor: Mrs. Mary Z. Last
Title: The On-line Soccer Trivia Game
Abstract: The Internet is a medium for delivering information and providing entertainment. Online games have become a major source of entertainment, and range from the old Atari games to the newest in 3-D flight simulators. Educators use online drill and practice games, adventure games, and simulations to reinforce concepts taught in the classroom. There are many different sports games on the Internet but previous research failed to find any soccer games. This online soccer game is a program written to challenge the minds of all soccer fans. Because it is web-based, it is available to anyone with an Internet connection. To play the game, the player enters his or her name, and answers a variety of multiple-choice questions on soccer history and trivia. The game keeps a point total. It was created using Microsoft Front Page, HTML, and Java. To test the game, several people were asked to play the game and record any problems such as incorrect point totals, and invalid responses. Identified problems were then corrected. This online soccer game can be used as an educational game at a child's soccer camp or just for fun.

Dan Kelley

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: Backup of Unix Backup
Abstract: The Austin Information Management group supports several software development groups at the Compaq Austin site. With the Year 2000 threat approaching, the Information Management group requested a contingency plan to recover data from media in the event of a backup software failure and to incorporate the solution into the off-site archiving of media. There were no current backup plans for Unix backups and the system of recording media sent offsite was pen and paper. The solution designed to address both problems used a GUI interface and two databases. The interface requests the administrator to enter the name of a workstation performing backups. Using the name, a CGI script retrieves information about the media and information about the data stored on the media from the backup software database. The information gathered is stored in two databases, which can be queried to view the media information and the backup history on the media. The databases are also used to track media that is sent off-site. Thorough testing was performed on the inputs and on the information returned from the databases. The tests were successful based on comparisons with the backup software database.

Kim Koether

Supervisor: Mrs. Mary Z. Last
Title: Brazil In-Transit Tool
Abstract: Dell Computer Corporation, Austin TX has manufacturing facilities in the United States, South America, Europe and Asia. The South American facility relies on information provided from a centralized database to track shipments needed for manufacturing computers. The manufacturing facility cannot experience any lag time related to part shortage. The current system does not contain enough information to help them adequately track shipments. The Brazil In-Transit Tool (BITT) was developed to provide the Brazil site with additional data that are specific to their location. A Microsoft Access Database was used to link to existing Oracle tables. The local database includes additional attributes, and query and reporting features unique to the South American location. The tool provides a user-friendly interface for data entry and reporting for Brazilian buyers and planners. Testing included white box testing as well as user acceptance testing by Brazilian users. The application passed with an acceptance rate of 80%. Language, cultural and time differences were complications to the challenge of developing and implementing an application across continents. Despite these challenges a functional application was delivered to the users, providing a helpful tool for Dell employees and increasing the efficiency of the manufacturing facility in Brazil.

Jie Li

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: Self-quiz WebSite development
Abstract: Internet could be used as an effective tool in education. An interactive self-quiz website is developed as a trial of such a phenomenon. COSC1301 is a freshman computer class for students from a wide variety of majors. The self-quiz website would serve as an interactive tool to promote students' interest in computer. It could also provide the faculty valuable information about students learning pattern. In order to meet those needs, the website should be able to record the access of the website, identify the users, and assess the students' performance. Domino Go webserver was used to develop a password protected website so that each student can be identified. All the HTML files are written with Javascript and CGI so that the website is highly interactive. Communication between server and client was traced with Perl Script in both CGI and Server Side Include forms. The website was tested for password protection, user recognition, access record, and score record. All the desired functions are successfully demonstrated. The website can be used as an aid for teaching COSC1301.

Pinn Mahaguna

Supervisor: Mrs. Mary Z. Last
Title: Toyota Dealer Database
Abstract: Vorachack Yont Co., Ltd. is one of the top Toyota car dealers in Thailand. The company has annual car sales of 5,000 units and sales turnover of 3,000 billion baht or about 75 million dollars per year. Currently, Vorachack Yont uses a computer for payroll only. All ordering and billing are done manually and the company uses index cards to maintain customer information. This is time consuming and labor intensive. By computerizing the customer information, and the ordering and billing functions, the company will have better control and management. They will be able to gather statistics, reduce labor costs and improve preparation of internal reports of monthly sales. This computer-based system is designed around a Microsoft Access database providing data on customers, cars, salespersons, invoices, and payments. The database includes the queries, reports, and forms needed by the company to automate the customer ordering and billing functions. To verify the logical database design, the techniques of normalization were applied. To verify the physical design, the database was tested with invalid data. The database passed both logical and physical testing with an acceptance rate of 100%.

Alfredo Palazuelos

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: Office Client Shipments Invoice (O.C.S.I) Program.
Abstract: AFJ Forwarding is a small business which deals with the export of goods to Mexico. Some of their tasks include recording information about their clients and their shipments, generating reports of the transactions and creating invoices. Prior to the development of the OCSI program these tasks were performed using typewriters, a time-consuming process. OCSI decreases the process time by doing most of the work as information is provided by the user. It uses a database in Microsoft Access 7.0 format installed on a file server accessed through Windows NT workstations, allowing several users simultaneous access to the database. OCSI uses a simple GUI (Graphic User Interface) written in Microsoft's Visual Basic because the personal currently employed lack experience with computers. Tests were conducted to analyze the reliability and integrity of recorded information, verification functions and data conversions. The tests passed with a 100% rating.

Christopher Penson

Supervisor: Mrs. Mary Z. Last
Title: Hardware and Software Management System
Abstract: FirstCare is a Health Maintenance Organization that provides health services to over 100,000 Texans in the North Texas area. FirstCare's corporate offices are located in North Austin. The system operations department tracks the purchases of hardware and software products and services. The department prepares the yearly budget and validates license agreements by manually tabulating totals after pulling invoices stored in accounting department file cabinets. This is a labor intensive and time-consuming process. The Hardware and Software Management System is an application designed to resolve three aspects of the company's current problem: 1.) Automate the manual process of tabulating the invoices for the products and services, 2.) Document license agreements' start and end dates, and 3.) Create customized budget reports. The system solution for this project includes the creation of a secure, user-friendly database that allows data entry from invoices into electronic data forms and produces various reports. The database was created in Microsoft Access. The system itself was subject to rigorous testing protocols and passed with an acceptance rate of 98%.

Marco Vergara

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: Backup Tape Library
Abstract: Clark, Thomas, and Winters, is a law firm that generates many important documents everyday. In order to ensure that none of the information in these documents gets lost by someone accidentally deleting or corrupting a file, the MIS department runs a backup every night to retain a safe copy of all the documents. The MIS department needed a way to efficiently record data that identified the tapes they used to create their backups. Previously, all data was recorded on paper and the information on any one tape was only kept for two weeks. This system was replaced with a Microsoft Access database created with Visual Basic and managed through a GUI interface to record the tape number, backup date, outcome, and other relevant data. In addition, a log file was created in order to quickly search and identify the status and information that is stored on a particular tape. Through functional testing, the program has proven to be effective, user-friendly, and has now made it possible for the administrators to keep information for as long as they specify.

Lynn Wehr

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: Effectiveness of Online Quizzes for Test Preparation
Abstract: Online quizzes can be an effective learning tool in test preparation. For research purposes, a COSC 1301 was selected to participate in an experiment to test the efficacy of web-based quizzes. From the class home page, which has links to the course syllabus, lectures, assignments and more, self-paced quizzes on class material can be accessed. The goal of the quizzes is to enhance learning. Since preparation time is lengthy, several things are of interest. First, will the students access the quizzes? If so, will they comprehend the material and increase in-class test scores? Lastly, is it worth the long hours spent by the instructor in preparation of the quizzes? To find answers to these questions, online quizzes in multiple choice formats were prepared. Students were given a password for access. When choosing an answer, students get immediate feedback as to whether or not their selection is correct and why. Each time the site is accessed, the student's name, question number and selected answer is logged. In-class quiz grades can be compared to those of students who do and do not utilize the online quizzes to estimate whether or not use of the the quizzes as a learning tool can significantly affect in-class performance. Preliminary results suggest that use of the online quizzes increases average on the in-class quizzes.

Paul Wolfe

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: Designing Lotus Notes applications for Domino Server web publishing
Abstract: The IBM Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) database is a Lotus Notes database, which acts as a repository of device drivers supporting the OS/2 operating system. IBM publishes the HCL database on the world-wide-web (www) to provide device driver support and hardware information. In 1996, IBM developed a Restructured Extended Executor (REXX) program, which extracts information from the HCL database and encapsulates this data in HTML code for web publication. The present REXX static HTML build environment takes 8 hrs and uses 8 servers. It can take several days to build, test, and push the finished REXX build outside the IBM firewall to an external web server. To improve this process, the Notes application was redesigned for web publishing the HCL database using a Domino Server. Modifications and extensions to the design elements of the Notes application were developed to provide web users access to the Notes database application, while eliminating the inefficient REXX build and test process. The redesigned Notes application running on a Domino Server allows web users to see changes to the HCL database almost real-time and IBM engineers can test their updates to the HCL as they are made.

Computer Science Abstracts

David Canning


Supervisor: Mrs. Mary Z. Last
Title: Advising Database for Austin Community College
Abstract: Austin Community College (ACC) has six campuses in Austin, and over ten satellite centers located throughout the surrounding areas with an enrollment of over 27,000 students. The Student Services department of ACC is responsible for advising and counseling and for providing services to students with disabilities. Specifically, these offices provide services to the students in the form of class scheduling, transfers to other institutions, and career information. Every student who visits the Student Services department completes an intake form. ACC staff use the form to record those services that the student received as well as other statistical data. Currently, there is no automated method for handling the data contained on these intake forms. The Student Services department has no easy way of gathering statistics on the students they serve. The Advising Database was created to automate the process. The intake form has been converted to a format that can be scanned by Scantron hardware and software. The form is automatically imported into the Microsoft Accessâ database and a variety of reports are generated. The database has been tested using a sample database, and passed with a 100% acceptance rate. Additional testing will be required when the Scantron process is completed.

Scott A. Collier

Supervisor: Mrs. Mary Z. Last
Title: TP2: A Web-based Equipment Manufacturing Web Site
Abstract: Currently, a semiconductor fabrication plant (FAB) located in Austin is responsible for manufacturing the K6 and Athelon (K7) line of central processing units (CPUs). Existing floor space in this FAB is limited and the purchase of new manufacturing tools is expensive. In order to increase production, this FAB must produce more semiconductor products while using existing equipment. Therefore, equipment needs to run more efficiently and problems need to be addressed immediately. This web-based application provides managers and technicians with the ability to monitor real-time equipment performance and current production levels. This application had to be easily distributed without the need to install a new application on various desktops, to be easily updated, and to accurately display up-to-date information. Because of these requirements, it was developed as a web-based application. Data is captured directly from each machine, parsed and stored in an Oracle database. The data is then retrieved from the database and displayed inside the factory as a series of slides containing graphs. Managers also can select parameters and view tool performance through the web. This application was tested extensively to ensure the reliability of data delivered.

Amelia Diaz

Supervisor: Mrs. Mary Z. Last
Title: Religious Education Web Site and Database
Abstract: St. Albert the Great Catholic Church in Austin, TX has a very active youth ministry. The youth ministry staff must keep registration data as well as attendance records on all high school youth. In the year in which a high school youth receives the sacrament of Confirmation, attendance is crucial. Currently, the registration information and attendance status of each member is recorded on paper and transferred to a simple spreadsheet. If parents want to check the attendance status of a child or change registration data, they must telephone a youth ministry member. The Religious Education Web Site and Database will allow parents to check the status of their child's progress and attendance. Using Microsoft Access, attendance will be updated weekly and a static HTML page produced and published to a web server. The web site is password protected. The database and web site are currently being subjected to rigorous testing protocols. Because of the sensitivity of the data, the acceptance rate must be 100%. This web-based attendance sheet accomplishes a stable link of communication between the parents, students, and St. Albert's Catholic Church.

Sherri Dunlap

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: Virtual Campus - A 3D Implementation
Abstract: Computer professionals are constantly searching for methods to design and implement three-dimensional virtual environment applications, which can be displayed in real-time without any obvious lag to the end-user or the requirement of platform-dependent software. Sun's Java 3D technology, which requires only a free web browser plugin for viewing complex three-dimensional scenes, was selected to demonstrate 3D technology through implementation of an interactive, photo-realistic, three-dimensional virtual tour for St. Edward's University. Randomly selected St. Edward's University and Austin Community College students, staff and faculty tested the application to verify its correctness and visual aesthetics. The test results show that those familiar with the campus found the structures and landscapes visually authentic while those not familiar with the campus found the tour to be useful in lieu of actually

Marjie Ennis-Floyd

Supervisor: Mrs. Mary Z. Last
Title: Accounting-4-Copies
Abstract: The St. Edward's University (SEU) Copy Center provides copying and fax services to the entire university community. All drop-in customers are on a cash basis. Data for direct bill customers (faculty and staff) are transcribed into ledgers from service request forms required for each copy order. Ledgers are hand-tabulated every month. This data is transferred to a spreadsheet that is used to generate courtesy invoices for each department. A recapitulation report is mailed to the SEU Business Office who bills department budgets directly. The manual system is labor intensive and inefficient. The Accounting-4-Copies application will allow Copy Center employees to automate the invoicing process for direct bill customers. The application is designed around a Microsoft Access database that can accept data, generate courtesy invoices, produce summary reports, and archive data monthly. The data entry form is designed to perform checks for invalid data and the report feature prompts the user for specific parameters for each report. The Accounting-4-Copies application was tested for command and action button responses, responses to various inputs into the data entry form and the accuracy of report generation. The system passed with a 100% acceptance rate. Recommended future enhancements include functionality to manage the fax service.

Becky Escamilla

Supervisor: Ms. Mary Z. Last
Title: EMS: An Emergency Medical Service Mobile Patient Tracking Application for the Palm Pilot.
Abstract: In addition to administering aid, Emergency Medical Field Technicians record information regarding all emergency calls. This includes incident information such as location, insurance, worker's compensation, cause of injury, and patient vital statistics. Emergency Technicians currently collect this information on paper forms or on fragile, cumbersome laptops. There are no state or national standardized criteria for data collection. The EMS application provides an easy-to-use data collection tool that runs on the Palm Pilot. The data is standardized for state and national emergency data collection, and the tool is capable of printing, via infrared, a patient's vital statistics for emergency room doctors. The acceptance criteria for the release of the EMS palm application are 100% for functionality and 90% for cosmetic failures.

Akiko Flores

Supervisor: Mrs. Mary Z. Last
Title: Lower Colorado River Authority Employee's United Charities Accounting System
Abstract: Lower Colorado River Authority Employee's United Charities (LCRAEUC) provides assistance to many non-profit organizations from Burnet County to Matagorda Bay. LCRAEU receives donations from LCRA employees, other organizations and private individuals. LCRAECU currently uses the software package, Kendrick, to track donations and disbursements. Unfortunately, the company that developed the Kendrick application is no longer in business. Kendrick has several limitations. It does not allow the user to retrieve data for reports, add more fund categories, or allow more than one person to use the application at a time. It also is not user-friendly. LCRAEUC wanted to replace this software with a package that was user-friendly, easy to maintain, and easy to use. Additionally LCRAEUC wanted features that were not available with Kendrick. This application, designed around Microsoft Access database tracks all transactions (donations and disbursements), produces a variety of reports, and gives the user the opportunity to retrieve up-to-date information using queries. The application can be accessed by multiple users from different servers and is password protected to ensure the integrity of the data. To verify the usability of the application, it was subject to both functional and technical testing and the acceptance rate was 98%.

Cara Gambini

Supervisor: Mrs. Mary Z. Last
Title: Pre-Qualification database for Brisben Development Company
Abstract: Brisben Development Company, Cincinnati, Ohio is a builder specializing in apartment buildings. The company uses contractors for much of the building and must ensure that each contractor meets certain qualifications. Currently, Brisben Development Company uses a pre-qualification form that is available on the World Wide Web in Adobe Acrobat format. Contractors print the form, complete it and fax it back to Brisben. This process is slow and paper copies can be lost easily. The purpose of this project is to develop a web-based data entry form that contractors can complete. Data from the form is automatically input to a Microsoft Access database residing on the company's server. The database provides a means of tracking bids and analyzing contractors' past performance. Both the database functions and the web interface have been tested and the acceptance rate was 85%.

George Edward Gomez

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: 3D Video Game with Interactive Environment
Abstract: Since the dawn of "Pong" and the first Atari gaming system, people have been fascinated with video games and their capabilities. With the advancement of computers and technology, the avid gamer can create a game with the use of a computer and programming kit. Though there are many genres of interactive games on the market, the 3D virtual world is one of the leaders making headway into the new millennium. A sample program was created using Genesis 3D™ CAD software which features a rendered 360°environment with full motion and the ability to combat computer-generated enemies provided with artificial intelligence capabilities. The objective of the game is to take out the opposition before the player is defeated. The user controls were created with the knowledge of other like games of the same genre and made for ease of use and familiarity. Similar games have like attributes; however, the addition of active environments and artificial intelligence is the key to this project. For testing purposing, the Genesis Software comes with a compiler for debugging and compiling the setting, and a testing platform, the G2Tester™, to combine user controls and the compiled setting for a Beta version of the game to be executed and evaluated.

Junko Sanada Gupta

Supervisor: Mrs. Mary Z. Last
Title: Weekly Schedule Converter
Abstract: The student information system at St. Edward's University (SEU) allows students to register for courses online. Students can determine their course schedule, and set payment options using the World Wide Web. After a student completes the registration process, a student schedule in table form listing course name and number, instructor's name, building, room, days, and time of course is generated. Because the schedule shows only those courses for which a student is enrolled, it is hard to use the schedule to find common meeting times among students. In a typical week, a student may attend class, perhaps meet with other students, meet with one or more professors, participate in school activities, and work at a full-time or part-time job. The Weekly Schedule Converter takes the information from the SEU registration system and creates a weekly table that can be modified by the student. The application allows the student to add those additional activities in which they engage on a regular basis. Because it is in the same format for all students, finding a common time for a meeting or team project is convenient and simple. The web pages, forms, data transformations, and security features will be tested.

Jeffrey B. Lemaster

Supervisor: Mrs. Mary Z. Last
Title: The "Members Only Login Script" for the Texas Dental Association
Abstract: The Texas Dental Association (TDA) is a non-profit organization whose mission is "to be the voice of Dentistry for Texas by vigorously pursuing those causes which fulfill the needs of its members and the people they serve." The TDA has limited its presence on the Internet to prevent the public from having access to information that should only be available to the members of the TDA. The TDA wants an online method of providing controlled access to only those web pages relevant to the needs of members, administrators, and dental students. The "Members Only Login Script" (MOLS) was created to provide a secure method of interaction with the members. The script uses a sequence of web pages to store data about each member on the server's MySQL database. On the client side, member data is stored using cookies. This information is used to provide the controlled access requested by the TDA. The script was tested for all possible types of invalid input and passed with an acceptance rate of 100%. MOLS provides secure access to members while at the same time allowing the general public access to much needed information on dentistry in Texas.

Hsi-ming Li

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: ITMS Database System
Abstract: Instructional Technology's Media Services (ITMS) supports and enhances academic programs and presentations at St. Edward's University by providing media equipment and training for faculty, staff and students. The manual equipment reservation system provided little support for updating and tracking data and the ITMS webpages did not supply a list of available equipment. A database system and upgrades to the existing Media Service webpages now permit clients to make equipment reservations online and view the equipment currently available from ITMS. Microsoft Access 97 was used to build the database system which allows staff to input new equipment schedules, edit existing schedules, and check the availability of the equipment using statistics. JavaScript and a text editor were used to upgrade the existing webpages. ITMS staff can view service requests by checking e-mail. Testing has demonstrated that the webpage and database systems are functional and efficient. Both the e-mail application and database system can be accessed using any PC computer.

Mark A. Lozano

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: Probe Card Tracking Utility
Abstract: In a highly dynamic and competitive semiconductor market it is important to know that customers receive the highest quality parts. To ensure this quality, each integrated circuit (computer chip) is subjected to a series of tests before being sold. Probe cards are vital interfaces between the test measurement tool and the integrated circuit being tested. Without them, testing simply cannot be performed. The Probe Card Tracking Utility written for UNIX systems using the PERL scripting language, ensures that a sufficient inventory of probe cards exist to handle the demand of incoming parts. Production supervisors, engineers, and technicians can simultaneously view the status of all available probe cards in a matter of seconds, a task that previously took anywhere from ten minutes to two hours. This software program not only reduces the amount of time spent tracking probe cards, but also provides a cost-effective way to help maximize throughput.

Jennifer Madrid

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: Models To Go
Abstract: Models To Go is a small business that deals in the buying, selling and trading of diecast models. Transactions require constant access to written records used to track the stock, which must be recompiled monthly. A Model Database was created, to track current inventory more rapidly and efficiently. The Model Database features an interface that allows customers to find models of interest and the owner to generate reports over the web. Microsoft FrontPage was used to create the web pages and support the personal web server. Microsoft Access was used to create and support the database. Test cases were designed to ensure errors were handled correctly, by entering erroneous data in to the required fields. Testing shows that the product is error free and provides the functionality needed by the client to manage the stock. Future developments include adding pictures of the stock into the database and on-line ordering capabilities.

Frank McCammon III

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: Automated Machine Manager
Abstract: The campus Physical Plant Director currently maintains equipment inventories and status through a self-developed paper system. This system has proven to be inefficient and difficult to maintain. Automated Machine Manager (AMM) is a database designed with Microsoft Access that has been developed as a tool to organize campus equipment, maintain the equipment status, organize inventories and track inventory quantities. User functionalities include the ability to document service request on campus equipment, electronically document maintenance performed on equipment as well as electronically schedule preventive maintenance. Reporting capabilities allow the user to determine the overall status of a group of equipment, monitor preventive maintenance schedules and monitor inventory quantities. Users include the campus Physical Plant Director and Building Maintenance personnel. The AMM interface will be accessible on strategically located terminals on the St. Edward's network, accessed via an AMM icon on the desktop to launch the interface. Data testing was performed on the AAM using sample data that resembles real-time data. Testing efforts also included structural testing, functional testing and path testing. Currently, AMM passes all of the test cases that have been performed on it.

Natalie Merritt

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: MediBase: The Easy Pharmaceutical Database
Abstract: Medical doctors must keep detailed records for each individual patient. These records include the patient's personal information, their prescribed medication, and any routine blood tests. Doctors currently use a paper filing system to track patient information, which is inefficient and time-consuming. They need a new way to track patient tests and medication data to increase efficiency, accuracy, and ease of use. MediBase is a medication database created in Microsoft Access 97 using forms, macros, and Visual Basic to store basic information on a patient, as well as their blood tests and all prescribed medications. MediBase uses a graphical interface and color-codes the information to distinguish between different categories of drugs and any contraindications therein. MediBase helps secure the patient's safety by monitoring his/her medications for harmful or lethal contraindications. Testing of the database consisted of 24 types of medication and 10 patients. This data tested the database's basic functions: searching, adding, and editing information. 95% of the tests ran have passed the requirements needed for basic functionality.

Ramiro Perez Del Castillo

Supervisor: Mary Z. Last
Title: Dyslexia Analysis
Abstract: Several years ago Dr. Barbara Frandsen, Director of Field Experiences for the School of Education at St. Edwards University, created a checklist for the characteristics of dyslexia. Dr. Frandsen contracted with a team of IBM programmers to develop a DOS version of the checklist. This application had very limited distribution. The objective of the project, Dyslexia Analysis, is to create a web-based implementation of the checklist. This system will allow teachers from all over the world to benefit from Dr. Frandsen's checklist. Dyslexia Analysis uses a rules-based system. The user enters the required information in an online form. This information is then processed by the application and converted to a numerical result. The result is compared to the rules to determine if the individual has a problem with dyslexia or a dyslexia-related disorder. The numerical result is then translated into a text message that displays on a web page. Due to the sensitivity of the project, the test plan implemented was subject to a pass rate of 100%.

Andell Guzman Remigio

Supervisor: Mrs. Mary Z. Last
Title: Social Work Application Tool (SWAT)
Abstract: St. Edward's University's Social Work program provides professional education and leadership in social work practice, research, and service. Students majoring in social work must take the Field Practicum course in their senior year. The goal of this course is to apply knowledge learned in the discipline to real-world problems. Organizations interested in interns contact the course instructor and internship information is released during class in hard copy form. Currently, no automated process exists to match students with available internships. The SWAT tool is a database application that fulfills this need. A web interface was created to allow employers to distribute details of internship opportunities. Students also can search for a suitable internship and post their resumes online. Administration of the tool is automated to modify data through web interfaces without editing programming source code. Functional testing done to date has shown that data matching and searching passed with a 90% acceptance rate. Additional testing is required when SWAT is released on the university's server.

Cecilia Galvan-Rodriguez

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: C++ Support for PlaySation2 Development
Abstract: Metrowerks has been an active vendor in the game development tool-kit market for several years. In order to maintain a competitive market share, CodeWarrior for PlayStation2, was enhanced to support C++ development for the PlayStation 2 console by integrating an American National Standard Institute (ANSI) compliant C++ library into the tool kit. This provides PlayStation2 developers with C++ language features unavailable in C. The existing Metrowerks Standard C++ Library (MSL C++), was integrated into the existing Play Station 2 tool-kit, which consisted of a Metrowerks MIPS compiler and the GCC C Library. To verify proper behavior and validate correct results approximately 500 tests were written. The test verified that new C++ language feature ranging from templates, namespace, containers and algorithms, had been successfully incorporated onto CodeWarrior for PlayStation2 development tool-kit. Unfortunately, they also reflected that features such as the character functions, commonalty defined in the CTYPE header, were not successfully ported.

Miyoko Suzuki

Supervisor: Mrs. Mary Z. Last
Title: School Database
Abstract: Mr. Jung Yu, a realtor with Realty World sells real estate in Austin area. One of the factors that influences home buying decisions is the quality of the school district. Currently, home buyers must determine the quality of a school district by asking individuals and checking a variety of sources such as web sites offered by school districts or state education agencies. The information that is provided is either not enough or difficult to interpret. Mr. Yu has determined that he could better serve his clients if he could provide them with this information in easy-to-use accessible format. This school database contains statistical data on school districts in the Austin area and is accessible on the Internet. At the site, users can run queries using a variety of criteria, such as student/teacher ratio, SAT performance, and student demographics. This web-based school database was created with Microsoft Access, Active Server Pages technology, and VBScript. The query function was tested extensively and passed with an acceptance rate of 100%.

Hugo Tellez

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: A strategy to update statistics on large database tables.
Abstract: Updating the statistics on tables of a database is a common practice. The database query optimizer uses these statistics to make more informed decisions when executing queries. The wiplth table contains WIP (work in progress) lot history data, a collection of the operations and processes a lot has been through during its life cycle in the factory. This data is needed online for planning and reporting purposes. Since this data is currently kept available the first 45 days after the life a lot, it contains over 20 million rows, each consisting of more than 200 columns, accounting for more than 75% of the entire database. Updates to the wiplth table of AMD's database have completely ceased due to unacceptable performance degradation at the time of the updates. Decreasing the size of the table was the proposed solution. Test runs, on an identical platform, revealed shorter run times on the smaller table. Recovering unused space from the table and archiving the majority of the data to a historical database allowed statistics to be updated on a regular basis.

Donta Tucker

Supervisor: Mrs. Mary Z. Last
Title: Online Medical Resource
Abstract: Dr. Donald Tucker is the head family practice physician at the Minor Emergency Clinic. Currently, Dr. Tucker communicates with his patients, his colleagues and his staff members by phone, fax, regular mail, and in person. Dr. Tucker would like to use computer-mediated communication to be even more accessible to both his patients and his staff. The Online Medical Resource (OMR) is an Internet application that provides another communication channel for the patients of Dr.Tucker. OMR includes a web site viewable to anyone with an Internet connection as well as two real-time chat forums and a message board that are password protected. Patients with a valid username and password can engage and interact in a real-time chat requesting medical advice and post medical-related questions to the message board. The second real-time chat forum also is password protected and is only available to Dr Tucker, his staff, and colleagues. This second real-time chat forum enables Dr. Tucker to conduct online office meetings and online debates with other colleagues and members of the medical profession. The web interface, message board, and chat forums have been tested and passed with an acceptance rate of 100%.

Jaime Wagner

Supervisor: Mrs. Mary Z. Last
Title: S-Series Test Run Request System
Abstract: Compaq's NonStopÔ Integrity S-Series servers provide telecommunication vendors and commercial businesses with scalable, fault-tolerant servers based on the UNIX operating system. Prior to the release of new products by the S-Series development organization, the functionality of these products must be verified, a task performed by the S-Series Test Organization. Therefore, the S-Series development organization needed a reliable and efficient way to request testing of new products. The current system uses a single page web-based request system; however, the requests generated by this system are often incorrect or incomplete. To repair the request system, a multi-page, web-based, interactive test request system was developed. The user can choose the scope of the testing, the products being tested, and the specific tests that are run. Using these inputs, a web page containing only relevant options is generated. Once a request is submitted, an email notification is sent to the Test Organization manager and webmaster, as well as the submitter. The system was subjected to rigorous testing protocols and passed with an acceptance rate of 85%. Future enhancements include the addition of an option to choose the tester and a tool that automatically assigns a request to the tester most qualified to complete the test.

Nikell Williams

Supervisor: Richard L. Kopec
Title: Summer Conference Program
Abstract: The St. Edwards's Summer Conference Program is a service that is offered by campus housing and provides meeting space, dinning services and residential accommodations for organizations during the summer. Campus housing needed a better way of taking reservations and keeping track of customer information. The current system in place involves keeping track of customer information and requests for services on paper. Campus housing is comprised of three departments and each department keeps track of customer requests on an individual basis. This impedes the process of reports and invoices because customer information must be extracted and compiled from various forms used by each department. Microsoft Access was used to design a system to keep track of customer information and store it in a central location that is readily available to all departments. The system is accessible through the network and utilizes various forms, tables and reports to accept, retrieve and display customer information. A user interface was also developed, using Visual Basic and Macros, to promote user friendliness and to provide controlled access to the various database tables and forms. Numerous updates and artificial data were used to test the input fields of the forms and the referential integrity of the database. Testing results have shown that the integrity of the database remains intact during updates and that the application meets the needs of the client.

Michael Wooten

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: Writing Center Scheduler
Abstract: The St. Edward's Writing Center is a university service providing free, one-on-one writing assistance to students. Students can make an appointment by e-mail or sign up sheet in the building of the Writing Center. Many students choose e-mail because the location of the sign-up sheet is inconvenient. Coordinating appointments by e-mail, however, is a cumbersome task; the staff member must physically walk over to the schedule to see if the requested time is available. The requested time is often filled, so the faculty must e-mail the student to suggest another appointment time, thus repeating the process. The on-line Writing Center Scheduler solves this problem by allowing students to make an appointment from any on-line computer. The Scheduler does the faculty's work by reserving appointments, sending an e-mail confirmation and allowing students to cancel appointments later. There is a separate administrative page to allow faculty to change student appointments or availability of times. With extensive testing to ensure dependability, the Scheduler provides convenience to both faculty and students.

Alvin Youngblood Jr.

Supervisor: Dr. Richard L. Kopec
Title: Evaluation of an Applications Server for the RISC Computer Lab of St. Edward's University
Abstract: The RS/6000 RISC Computer Lab of St. Edward's University primarily serves Computer Science and Computer Information Science majors, providing an environment to perform computer-based classroom tasks. The lab has switched several major software applications from being located on individual lab computer hard drives to an applications server. Upon user request, this applications server will download the needed application to the lab-located IBM 43P system being accessed. The major benefit includes ease of software management. New software or revisions need only be loaded once - on the applications server. Sets of tests based on Ethernet card set-up were devised to compare the server-based applications to local hard drive-based applications. Different sizes of text files were compressed and re-opened, with the time to perform this task recorded. Indications are that the performance times are affected; however the time difference between local application execution and server application execution is not noticeable. Changes in network hub configuration and multiple users also had little impact on server application performance.

Mathematics Abstracts

Matthew Shirley


Supervisor: Dr. M. Jean McKemie
Title: Self-Avoiding Walks
Abstract: Imagine a truly random path on an integer grid, through two dimensional space, with only ninety degree turns. A subset of such walks is a self-avoiding walk, where the only limitation is that the path cannot cross its self. How such a walk is created will be discussed. In addition, the existence of formulas to calculate the number of, and probability of each walk on a bounded area will be addressed